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+/*
+ * $Id: pa_memorybarrier.h 1240 2007-07-17 13:05:07Z bjornroche $
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * Memory barrier utilities
+ *
+ * Author: Bjorn Roche, XO Audio, LLC
+ *
+ * This program uses the PortAudio Portable Audio Library.
+ * For more information see: http://www.portaudio.com
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/**
+ @file pa_memorybarrier.h
+ @ingroup common_src
+*/
+
+/****************
+ * Some memory barrier primitives based on the system.
+ * right now only OS X, FreeBSD, and Linux are supported. In addition to providing
+ * memory barriers, these functions should ensure that data cached in registers
+ * is written out to cache where it can be snooped by other CPUs. (ie, the volatile
+ * keyword should not be required)
+ *
+ * the primitives that must be defined are:
+ *
+ * PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+ * PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+ * PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+ *
+ ****************/
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+/* Support for the atomic library was added in C11.
+ */
+#   if (__STDC_VERSION__ < 201112L) || defined(__STDC_NO_ATOMICS__)
+#       include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+        /* Here are the memory barrier functions. Mac OS X only provides
+           full memory barriers, so the three types of barriers are the same,
+           however, these barriers are superior to compiler-based ones.
+           These were deprecated in MacOS 10.12. */
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  OSMemoryBarrier()
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  OSMemoryBarrier()
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() OSMemoryBarrier()
+#   else
+#       include <stdatomic.h>
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_seq_cst)
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_acquire)
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_release)
+#   endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+    /* GCC >= 4.1 has built-in intrinsics. We'll use those */
+#   if (__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1)
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  __sync_synchronize()
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  __sync_synchronize()
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() __sync_synchronize()
+    /* as a fallback, GCC understands volatile asm and "memory" to mean it
+     * should not reorder memory read/writes */
+    /* Note that it is not clear that any compiler actually defines __PPC__,
+     * it can probably removed safely. */
+#   elif defined( __ppc__ ) || defined( __powerpc__) || defined( __PPC__ )
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("sync":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("sync":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() asm volatile("sync":::"memory")
+#   elif defined( __i386__ ) || defined( __i486__ ) || defined( __i586__ ) || \
+            defined( __i686__ ) || defined( __x86_64__ )
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("mfence":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("lfence":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() asm volatile("sfence":::"memory")
+#   else
+#       ifdef ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS
+#           warning Memory barriers not defined on this system or system unknown
+#           warning For SMP safety, you should fix this.
+#           define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+#           define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+#           define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+#       else
+#           error Memory barriers are not defined on this system. You can still compile by defining ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS, but SMP safety will not be guaranteed.
+#       endif
+#   endif
+#elif (_MSC_VER >= 1400) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#   include <intrin.h>
+#   pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
+#   pragma intrinsic(_ReadBarrier)
+#   pragma intrinsic(_WriteBarrier)
+/* note that MSVC intrinsics _ReadWriteBarrier(), _ReadBarrier(), _WriteBarrier() are just compiler barriers *not* memory barriers */
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  _ReadWriteBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  _ReadBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() _WriteBarrier()
+#elif defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  _asm { lock add    [esp], 0 }
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  _asm { lock add    [esp], 0 }
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() _asm { lock add    [esp], 0 }
+#else
+#   ifdef ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS
+#       warning Memory barriers not defined on this system or system unknown
+#       warning For SMP safety, you should fix this.
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+#   else
+#       error Memory barriers are not defined on this system. You can still compile by defining ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS, but SMP safety will not be guaranteed.
+#   endif
+#endif